U.S. courts have ruled that public school subjects that touch on religion must be (a) omitted from the curriculum or (b) presented objectively so that the effect is religiously neutral. COPE believes that many subjects taught in public education routinely address controversial religious questions in a manner that promotes only one of competing religious viewpoints. This tends to indoctrinate rather than objectively educate with a religiously neutral effect [Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)]. COPE is particularly concerned with curricula that systematically exclude theistic views while teaching only atheistic perspectives.